支氣管擴張症是臨床常見疾病，其症狀大多是非特異性呼吸道症狀。非囊腫纖維症所致的支氣管擴張症通常是呼吸道感染所造成，但其他原因亦需要排除。當痰液留滯於呼吸道內時，經常造成細菌的慢性移生。因此在治療上呼吸道清潔是重要的一環，除此之外，針對細菌移生的抗生素治療亦是治療的重點。本文回顧支氣管擴張症的病因、診斷及近年治療上的研究成果，以期對臨床上對支氣管擴張症的處置有所幫助。

Bronchiectasis is a common disease in clinical practice and has non-specific airway symptoms. Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is usually caused by airway infection, but other etiology should be ruled out. Because stasis of secretions in airway will lead to chronic colonization of bacteria, enhancing airway clearance is important to therapy. Besides, antibiotics therapy for bacteria colonization is also important. This clinical review focuses on various etiologies, diagnostic testing, microbiology, and management of patients with non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. (J Intern Med Taiwan 2014; 25: 176-183)