數個世紀以來，經過許多前輩的努力，臨床上人類疾病中的感染性疾病目前已獲得良好的控制，但對於因外力或老化引起的細胞、組織或器官損傷卻一直未有良好對策。大約一百年前，人們已發現移植是對抗這類損傷疾病的好方法，但移植來源物的品質、短缺以及移植排斥反應卻大大地限制移植治療。近年來，幹細胞的發展和科學家對於細胞核重編程程序的瞭解，促使了個人化細胞療法的研究，而細胞核重編程，是一種將已分化細胞轉換成另一種細胞的方法，目前通常是先轉化為幹細胞狀態，之後再藉由誘導分化成所需要的特定功能性細胞後做移植治療。本文針對細胞核重編程，扼要介紹五種製造方法：體細胞核移植法、細胞融合法、萃取物浸泡法、轉錄因子表現法及依賴轉錄因子表現而改變分化狀態的方法。

Regenerative medicine is a burgeoning medical therapies that repair, replace, restore and regenerate damaged or diseased cells, tissues and organs. This field encompasses a variety of research including cell therapy, tissue engineering, biomaterial engineering, growth factors and transplantation science. The cell therapy, which is considered to be the most important issue of regenerative medicine, is a treatment of diseases or injuries in human beings by the administration of autologous, allogeneic or xenogeneic cells that have been manipulated or altered ex vivo. Autologous cell therapy uses the cells from the patients, and avoids the need to suppress immune rejection of the transplanted cells. By nuclear reprogramming process and induced differentiation, a form of autologous cell therapy will be possible in the future and provide a source for cells that could be transplanted back to patients to restore function of organs affected by disease or aging. Nuclear reprogramming, the first step of autologous cell therapy, is a process that specialized cells change to an embryonic like state. Here, we briefly introduce five experimental methods about nuclear reprogramming: somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, extract treatment, transcription factor overexpression and transdifferentiation by transcription factor overexpression. (J Intern Med Taiwan 2014; 25: 267-271)