近年來海峽兩岸交流頻繁，但因社會環境的不同，導致年輕一代在性別角色的認知上也有所差異。本研究運用量化研究方法，並以立意抽樣模式，分別調查台灣與大陸之大學生（台灣1017位，大陸1200位），以瞭解兩岸大學生性別角色的發展現況。研究結果顯示：（1）兩岸大學生女性特質高於男性特質，大陸高於臺灣；（2）男女生的性別特質兩岸差異明顯；（3）臺灣大學生未分化比例過半，兩性化與單性化比例較少；大陸則兩性化、未分化和單性化比例各約占三分之一；（4）大陸性別角色發展高於臺灣，兩岸不同背景下大學生性別角色分佈差異顯著；（5）背景因素影響大學生的性別角色發展，臺灣較大陸更具顯著性效應。

In recent years, the frequent exchange of education and culture occurs between Taiwan and mainland China. However, the differences between these two different social environments may cause the younger generation to have the significant difference in the gender roles development. This study was conducted to examine the gender role development among 1017 college students from Taiwan and 1200 college students from mainland China. The results showed that: (a) for all participants, feminine traits are rated higher than masculine traits, and both traits scores are higher for mainland Chinese students than for students in Taiwan; (b) There are significant differences in gender role traits between Taiwan and mainland china; (c) For college students in Taiwan, the proportion of undifferentiated gender roles makes upthe majority, while the androgynous and traditional gender roles have a relatively small number of individuals. But for college students in mainland China, the distributions of androgynous, undifferentiated, and traditional gender roles (feminine and masculine) constitute about one third of the sample, respectively; (d) There are significant differences among the demographic variables in both Taiwan and mainland China; and the development of gender roles for college students in mainland China is higher than that in Taiwan; (e) The influencing factors of gender roles are numerous; Taiwanese students are more susceptible to these factors than those in mainland China.