失效模式效應分析是一系統化的風險管理工具，其有助於產品與其組成零件失效的預防。在傳統的FMEA技術裏，因失效所導致的環境衝擊及失效成本，均未被考慮在內，而當今的綠色設計與製造，又是未來最終產品必須符合保護環境生態的要求。因此，本文將結合失效成本與多屬性效用理論，並將環境衝擊因素納入失效成本，建構一命名為環境FMEA的新式FMEA表單，並據以計算零件失效所產生的影響程度（嚴重度與發生度），接著再計算風險優先指標，找出應優先矯正與預防之具高風險與成本的失效項目，據以改正對應之產品的製程或設計。本文以汽車零組件個案公司為例，將所提之EFMEA與傳統製程FMEA兩種技術，考慮同以失效成本的關念，來比較兩FMEA技術所算出之RPI的差異性。分析結果顯示EFMEA的RPI，其總效益會優於傳統PFMEA的RPI。此研究結果不僅可驗證EFMEA之效益，也可提供相關產業之是否改用EFMCA去評估生產組件失效項目的參考。

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a systematic risk management tool which can prevent products or assembled components from failures in a production process. Environmental impact and costs caused from the components’ failures, traditionally, are not considered in the FMEA framework. Nowadays, products produced from green design and manufacturing have to perform the ecological environment protection missions. Thereafter, in this paper, failure costs and Multi-Attribute Utility Theorem (MAUT) are considered to propose a new FMEA framework, named Environmental FMEA (EFEMA). Environmental impact factors will be taken in the failure costs used in the EFEMA; then, severity (S) and occurrence (O) of components failures in Risk Priority Index (RPI) will be computed accordingly. The values of the calculated RPI then are ranked to prioritize the failure modes. Those product production processes or design phase corresponding to the failure modes with the respective higher PRIs will be corrected and improved. A case study of an automobile assembled module was studied to compare two kinds of PRIs that had been respectively computed from EFMEA and traditional process FMEA (PFMEA) with the considerations of the environmental factors and the failure costs. The case study showed that the advantage of PRI based on EFMEA outperforms than that obtained from traditional PFMEA. From the results of this research, manufacturing companies may take the proposed EFMEA as their referable model to improve their product manufacturing and design.