從許多身心障礙兒童的健康相關研究發現，他們的確有較差的健康情形及較高的醫療利用，本研究即以「健康不均（Health Inequality）」的觀點檢視身心障礙兒童在醫療及福利服務使用與一般群體的差異，藉由整理身心障礙兒童在醫療及福利服務使用相關文獻，深入了解身心障礙兒童接受療育服務的相關因素。研究方法以PubMed 資料庫檢索，主要關鍵字包括身心障礙、身心障礙兒童、健康不均、發展遲緩等。「健康不均」隱含對健康不公的關懷與道德評價，所以本研究期待先藉由文獻回顧瞭解影響身心障礙兒童在醫療、福利資源的使用或其健康情形，以及探討可能受到那些結構性因素影響造成其健康不均，更期待在目前以國際健康功能身心障礙分類系統（International Classification of Functioning, Disability andHealth, ICF）為鑑定及需求評估基礎的衛生福利政策上提供未來身心障礙兒童福利配置的參考依據。

Children with disabilities have higher health needs than the general population, andtheir health needs are different and require more specialized services. There areevidence reported poorer health outcomes and less effective health interventionsencounter by children with disabilities in Taiwan, and other countries as well. Closingthe gaps of health inequalities between children with disabilities and general children isa vital priority in health service policy. The aim of this study is to describe the healthcare and social welfare service profile and to investigate the associated factors in theseservices for children with disabilities and their family based on current referencereviews. We searched references in PubMed as the following key words: anthropogenicdelayed, children with disabilities, disability, and health inequalities. Results reveal thatthe occurrence of health inequalities of child with disability is affected by many socialfactors such as poor economic, poor living conditions, families with unemployed anddiscrimination than their body impairments solely. The future health welfare policyshould consider the new disability identification system - International Classification ofFunctioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to initiate appropriate health and welfareservices for this population.