伊波拉病毒 (EBOV) 主要藉由接觸傳染，其感染會造成病人有嚴重出血症狀，致死率可高達50% 至90%。伊波拉病毒屬於絲狀病毒科(Filoviridae)，是具有套膜的病毒，其基因體是鏈狀的單股負性核糖 核酸。因為伊波拉病毒屬於生物安全等級第四級的致病原，因此之前有關伊波拉病毒的研究因為實驗室 等級的限制而比較緩慢，臨床治療上也以支持性療法為主。近年來在伊波拉病毒基因序列、病毒複製機 制、轉譯控制機制及病毒蛋白構造方面有許多論文發表，因而可以幫助我們找出具潛力的抗病毒標的。 本篇回顧論文主要敘述病毒構造、病毒蛋白的功能及它們在臨床上的重要性。

Ebola virus (EBOV) is an emerging virus with great medical significance. Infection with EBOV, which is essentially transmitted by contacts, leads to severe hemorrhage diseases at a fatality rate of 50-90%. EBOV is an enveloped non-segmented negative-strand RNA virus that belongs to the Filoviridae family. EBOV is categorized as a Biosafety Level 4 (BSL4) agent, and therefore studies on EBOV progress slowly due to the limitation of research facilities. While current therapeutic options for EBOV are only supportive, recent advance in understanding EBOV molecular virology (genomic sequence, viral replication mechanisms, translational control mechanisms and the structures of viral proteins) led to the identification of potential new targets for antiviral strategies. This review focuses on the viral structure organization and protein functions along with their biological and clinical significance.