x這世紀以來，面對台灣新自由主義化的新發展，台灣的人類學是否能藉此新機會有所突破而避免被邊緣化？透過《「文明」之路》三卷對於東埔社布農人的個案研究成果，我們不僅可以斷定台灣地方社會與文化已有根本的改變而進入新的時代，更可以進一步確定台灣人類學在研究當代上的幾個主要困境：缺少歷史意識或時代意識的去脈絡化研究、既有現代性觀念的陷阱與包袱、被忽略的「心理學解釋之轉向」、缺少對於被研究對象的整體圖像之掌握、既成觀念的限制等等，均妨礙台灣人類學得以有效處理當代的新課題。解脫之道除了回到時代脈絡下的田野來面對現實，更需要回歸有廣度及深度且面面俱到的民族誌探討模式。另一方面，除了對於既有觀念的反省與新知識的創造外，更需要有綜合性的超越能力，以便掌握被研究對象的主要關懷，才有可能對於正在浮現中的多元中心之世界人類學有所貢獻。

xSince this century, facing new development of neoliberalization in Taiwan, whether anthropology in Taiwan would utilize this chance to avoid being periherized? By the result of a study case of Taketonpu Bunun, we are not only sure that local societies and cultures in Taiwan have had fundamental changes and entered a new age, but also sure further that anthropology in Taiwan has had some major difficulties in studying the contemporary: lacking historical consciousness or the consciousness of the times makes the study decontextualized, the traps and burdens of the concepts derived from modernity, neglected psychology’s interpretive turn, without holding the totality of the studied socio-culture, the limitation of our past thoughts, etc. These prevent us from treating validly new issues in the contemporary. The solution is to go back to our fieldwork in historical context or in the context of the times for the ethnography which is a mode of inquiry. Of course, this kind of ethnography is concerned with various aspects of the studied in necessary width and depth. On the other hand, besides reflection on the past thoughts and necessary reinvention or creation of new knowledge, we need more the capability to synthsize rather than analyze the data for finding out the studied’s major concerns by which we would contribute to the emerging world anthropologies with multiple centers.