穆旦是受到基督教精神深刻影響的中國現代詩人，但是在對其宗教意識的研究中，應當充分考慮到他那些背離基督教精神的作品，也應當注意其寫作得以發生的歷史、文學語境，尤其是中國現代文學的「感時憂國」精神。我們發現，基督教精神給予穆旦詩歌強大的現世批判力量和超越性的視野，因而得以消解中國現代文學中流行的歷史進步和烏托邦幻象，更爲深刻地進入「現時」。但是他對於神性一直處於祈求但不確信的狀態，這給他帶來了很大的精神波動。而且由於穆旦的民族關懷並未完全泯滅，「感時憂國」情懷與宗教關懷在其詩歌中交錯出現，相互抗衡，這使得他的很多作品具有很強的悖論性質，也使得他的神性尋求之路無法完成。穆旦詩作深刻地體現了基督教思想與現代中國歷史的碰撞和抗衡，在現代詩史上獨樹一幟。

Mudan is an important Chinese poet whose works were influenced by Christianity. Scholars trying to discuss the religious spirit in Mudan’s poetry, should, however, be fully aware of those poems which deviate from the teachings of the Christian religion, and of the historical and literary context in which his poetry was created, especially, of the “Obsession with China” of most modern Chinese writers. Oftern, Christianity endows Mudan with a transcendental vision and a power of criticizing the secular world, claiming that the Christianity in Mudan’s works dispels the historical progressivism and the Utopian hallucination prevalent in modern Chinese literature, making it possible for him to embrace the “present” and transcend the “Obsession with China.” Mudan kept praying to the divinity, but he was never convinced of it, which gives him great spiritual perplexity. Moreover, Mudan’s “Obsession with China” was not completely replaced by his religious concern; instead, it coexisted in his works with the later. This makes some of his poems paradoxical and blocks his way of seeking divinity. Careful readers could find in Mudan’s poetry an understanding of how the Christian religion collides and negotiates with the thought and history of modern China.