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正修學報

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篇名 自製音源的共鳴管研究
卷期 27
並列篇名 A study of the sound-generating resonance tubes
作者 蔡政男
頁次 001-018
關鍵字 共振共鳴管聲波疏密波演示教學ResonanceResonance tubesSound waveLongitudinal waveDemonstration
出刊日期 201410

中文摘要

物理是一門基礎科學,在繁瑣的公式中,總是隱藏著一些淺而易懂的實驗。基於這個理念,本研究思考如何研發創新教具以供教學演示之用。聲音是日常生活中處處可聽到的,但本研究讓學生用眼睛看到聲波的成形與狀況。聲音產生條件有二,第一為發音體必須迅速振動、第二須有傳遞聲音的介質。而水柱共鳴管實驗是介紹聲音傳送的主要實驗。此實驗通常用音叉產生聲音,藉由共鳴管來求取共鳴點,進而探討聲波。此實驗缺點有二,(1)一音叉僅能產生一個頻率、(2)因音叉的結構或敲擊音叉的力道不易控制,造成聲波音量不穩定,故容易產生實驗誤差,甚至導致錯誤。本研究用不同的方式展現出聲音傳送的物理現象,本實驗研發以函數產生器、一般家用音響的功率放大器和喇叭體取代傳統音叉,以作為可調控頻率和音量的聲波產生裝置。藉由調整頻率與音量,可將誤差降至0.5%以下。若將保麗龍球置於共鳴管內由聲波推動,進而讓聲音的波形得以視覺化,以利於實驗的觀測。並藉由理論公式的推算,觀察聲波在空氣管中的駐波共振現象,並驗證波速、頻率與波長之關係。

英文摘要

Physics is a basic science which involved many complex formulae and therein with some run-of-the-mill and easily understood experiments. Based on those ideas, this study shows how to develop innovative teaching materials in order to demonstrate experiments. Sound is ubiquitous. However, this study makes students realize how the sound waves are formed as well as its condition. Sounds are generated under two circumstances. Firstly, objects that generate sounds should be vibrated quickly. Secondly, sounds cannot proceed without media that carry them forward. The experiment of water columns as resonance tubes is an experiment that clarifies how sounds proceed. This experiment often utilizes tuning forks to generate sounds and adopt resonance tubes to find the resonance point. Finally, to take it a step further to discuss sound waves. But this experiment has two shortcomings. One is that each tuning fork can only detect one specific frequency. The other is due to the structure of tuning forks and the difficulty to control the force to strike them, the instability of the loudness of the sound waves as well as inaccuracies and complete errors in experiments occur. This experiment utilizes different methods to show the physic phenomena of how sounds proceed, including the generators, normal stereo power amplifiers, and loudspeakers, to instead of conventional tuning forks as devices to tune the frequencies and the sound waves of volume. By using this, the inaccuracies can be driven down to 0.5%, and even lower. To make the sound waves push the Styrofoam balls. These Styrofoam balls are placed in resonance tubes. This further visualizes waveforms of sounds and is beneficial for observing this experiment. Calculating by means of theoretical formulae will allow the phenomenon of standing wave resonance in the air tubes to be observed. The relationship between sound speed, frequency and wavelength can be confirmed.

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