這篇文章主要探討回溯推論(abduction)與批判性思考(critical thinking)的 關聯，筆者將以醫學領域中的診斷推理(diagnostic reasoning)為討論的模型，試 著在實踐生活的具體框架下觀察並思索邏輯與批判思考的應用。在這當中，本文將 分別從「概念與理論組成的層面」以及「行動與實證研究的層面」兩種角度建構診 斷推理與回溯推論以及批判性思考的關聯，並嘗試指出，「批判性思考」的運籌與操 作，是診斷推理能否成功的核心條件，也因此在臨床實踐與醫學教育中應置於首要 考慮的要目。

This paper attempts to investigate the relationships between “abduction” and “critical thinking”. The author uses “diagnostic reasoning” as a discussion model with the hope of figuring out how logic and critical thinking work in human’s practical life. Through dual perspectives on conceptual declaration and practical action, the author constructs the abduction framework of the diagnostic reasoning, and tries to indicate that the intellectual operation of critical thinking is the core condition of a successful diagnostic reasoning and thus should be put into the primary issue of clinical practice and medical education.