國學大師梁啟超一生著作等身、名貫中外，誰知他最後的死因竟牽扯出一件爭論不休的醫療疏失，更引發不少中西醫學的討論。先是梁氏因為血尿而進入協和醫院診療，沒想到西醫因一時不察，竟然把好的腎臟切下來，而把壞掉的腎臟留在體內。不過，更有意思的在於，明明是腎臟壞掉，梁氏最後卻又因為感染了一種極為罕見的細菌而導致死亡。當時的細菌檢驗是非常落後的，梁氏血尿之症狀不斷，西醫最後竟認定是細菌作怪，而完全沒有再度加以檢查發現：其實他們割錯了腎臟。本文除梳理這個過程，也略為論述民國初年西醫院外科與醫師水準低下的問題，也梳理了當時中西醫對梁氏腎臟手術的爭論，最後，在中西醫激烈論戰的當時，梁氏一入西醫院，則中醫就無插手餘地。對照今天，或許我們應該來好好思考，中西醫結合的具體施行方式。而梁氏口說相信西醫、為西醫辯護，卻仍私下偷偷看中醫、吃中藥的微妙心態，也同樣發人深省，讓中西醫有制度、光明正大的結合，或許才真的是病人之福。

The great master of sinology, Liang Qichao, wrote numerous articles throughout his life. He was also famous in both eastern and western literary circles. It was unbelievable that his death was associated with a controversial medical negligence, which was frequently discussed in Chinese and western medicine fields. Liang was hospitalized in Union Hospital for treatment due to hematuria. However, the western medicine surgeon performed nephrectomy to remove the good kidney without removing the bad one. Moreover, although Liang suffered from nephropathy, he eventually died of infection of a rare bacterium. The bacteriological examination in the past was very laggard. Liang constantly experienced the symptoms of hematuria. However, the western medicine doctor suggested that he was infected by bacteria and did not perform further examinations. In fact, western medicine surgeons resected the wrong kidney. In addition to clarifying the hospitalization process of Liang, this study also discussed about the poor quality of department of surgery and surgeons in western medicine hospitals in the early days of Republic of China. During the intense debating between Chinese and western medicine, Liang was hospitalized in a western medicine hospital where Chinese medicine doctors could not give a hand. Therefore, it is necessary to think about the specific implementation method of the fusion of Chinese and western medicine. Although Liang said that he believed in western medicine and defended it, he still went to Chinese medicine clinic to take Chinese medicine. Such a tricky mindset is also worthy of investigation. This study found that the systemic and fair fusion of Chinese and western medicine may be the best way to create benefits for patients.