香港於1997年7月1日回歸祖國，成為以一國兩制原則運作的一個特別行政區，港人的國籍身份一夜間由英國（海外）轉變成為中國香港。培育學生樂於接受其中國香港國民身份，成為了香港教育界的一個新課題。隨著教改的推動，特區政府於2001年提出「培養學生的國民身份認同」為課程宗旨之一，並明確這是「德育與公民教育」內五個核心價值之一。但按近年多份本地調查結果和學者研究，香港青少年對中國香港的國民身份認同程度依然偏低;特區政府於2010年《施政報告》中提出設立《德育及國民教育科》，卻引起了2012年暑期的反國教風波。作為香港社會的未來精英，香港大學生的國民意識薄弱對香港發展是一種潛在危機。若要化解危機，需要陸港兩地深入理解「一國兩制」內涵及國民身份的認同和民族的歸屬感，共同努力開拓香港發展新空間。此文的目的是回顧和分析香港推行國民身份教育的困難，並就日後加強香港的國民身份教育作出一些建議。

Since the reunion on July 1, 1997 to the mainland China, Hong Kong has become a Special Admin-istrative Region of People’s Republic of China (PRC) under the principle of “One Country, Two Systems”. The nationality of Hong Kong people was transformed from the UK (Overseas) into HKSAR (China) in one night. Nurturing students’ willingness to accept their Chinese Hong Kong national identity has become a new topic of the education sector in Hong Kong. In educational reform, the SAR Government in 2001 announced that “understand their national identity” is one of the seven learning goals of the school curriculum in Hong Kong, and made it clear that it is one of the five priority values and attitudes in the “Moral and Civic Education”. But according to recent findings and researches from scholars, Hong Kong youth remains low in the degree of accepting their national identity. SAR Government in “Policy Address 2010” proposed the establishment of the subject “Moral and National Education” which has caused anti-national education campaign in summer of 2012. As of the future of Hong Kong society, college students’ national consciousness weak development of Hong Kong Hong Kong is a potential crisis. To defuse the crisis, need land port deeply understand the connotation of the “one country, two systems” and the national identity and national sense of belonging, and work together to open up a new space development in Hong Kong. The purpose of this article is to review and analyze the difficulties in the implementation of national identity education in Hong Kong and to make recommendations on the national identity education in the future.