雖然健身運動、大腦及認知功能間之正向關聯已有建立，然大多數研究多採用事件關聯電位作探究。本文之目的在回顧近期以磁共振成像取向探討健身運動與大腦之研究，並聚焦於前額葉、海馬迴，以及基底核等三個結構。經回顧後發現，不論是顳齒動物或近期的人體研究多顯示出健身運動與大腦結構間的正向關聯，而磁共振成像的使用可更直接地顯示大腦結構的變化，特別是在上述所提及之三個大腦結構區域在高體適能者或是健身運動介入後均有顯著的效益。建議未來研究可運用此種方式進一步探討健身運動與大腦結構之關聯。

Although the positive relationship among exercise, brain, and cognitive function has been established, majority of studies to date primarily employed event-related potential. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the recent studies regarding exercise and brain structure employed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with emphasizing on hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia. Results reveal that rodent and human studies generally demonstrate a positive association between exercise and the brain structure. It is worth mentioning that MRI can be more directly exhibited changes in the brain structures. In particular, high fitness or exercise intervention positively affects the three brain structures. Future studies are suggested to investigate the relationship between exercise and brain using MRI to advance the knowledge.