癌症一直高居國內死亡原因的第一位，而癌症死亡原因排行榜中，發生於消化系統的就佔了前十名中的五位，包括大腸直腸癌、肝癌、胃癌、食道癌與胰臟癌。如何早期診治消化道癌症，成為胃腸科醫師的重大使命。隨著內視鏡與相關器械的發展。針對早期診斷消化道癌症，我們可以利用染色內視鏡與放大內視鏡、窄頻影像系統、自體螢光內視鏡、內視鏡細胞鏡、共聚焦雷射顯微內視鏡等，來做消化道病灶的鑑別診斷；同時，針對早期消化道癌症，我們也可以內視鏡黏膜切除術、內視鏡黏膜下剝離術、內視鏡射頻腫瘤去除術等等方法。以內視鏡方法來切除這些早期消化道癌症，從而避免致死性癌症的發生予減少廣泛性手術的風險，增進病患福祉。

Cancer death is the most cause of death in Taiwan. For the top 10 causes of cancer, there are 5 cancers origin from digestive system, including colorectal cancer, hepatoma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and pancreatic cancer. So, how to early diagnosis and treat gastrointestinal neoplasm became the most important mission for gastroenterologists. Due to progressive development of endoscope and instrument, we can perform chromo endoscopy, magnify endoscopy, narrow band imaging system, antofluorescence endoscopy, endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy to make differential diagnosis of GI tract lesions. After early diagnosis of GI neoplasm, endoscopists can perform endoscopic therapy. Such as endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation, to resection the lesions, which can present advanced cancer mortality and avoid risk of radical surgery, improving quality of life of patients. (J Intern Med Taiwan 2015; 26: 150-155)