慢性腹痛是臨床上常見的主訴之一，臨床上重要的是區分出病患是否可能有構造性異常，其中發炎性腸疾是一個非常重要的診斷，近年來此病在台灣的發生率也逐漸的上升中。糞便鈣衛蛋白自西元1990年代初期便開始有報告指出可能與腸道之發炎相關，隨著醫學檢驗方式之普及和進步，現今已經可以方便的測得糞便中鈣衛蛋白之濃度。我們回顧了許多研究與臨床報告後整理出目前之結論與更新之臨床應用，發現糞便鈣衛蛋白目前對於發炎性腸疾是一絕佳之診斷利器，其陰性預測率在適當的臨界濃度選取下，幾乎可達百分之百，另外更可以配合傳統之警示徵兆篩選出需進一步接受內視鏡檢查之病患族群，減少目前節節上升醫療支出。較新的報告也提到，糞便鈣衛蛋白甚至可能用於預測肝硬化患者發生臨床併發症之風險，也可能用以區分急性感染性腹瀉之病原體種類，是目前仍有發展潛力之一檢驗方式。不過對於大腸腺瘤於大腸癌之篩檢，敏感性與特異性皆不佳，目前不建議使用於此方面。

Chronic abdominal pain is the most common chief complaint in daily clinical practice. It is very important to decide which patient may have organic problem such as inflammatory bowel disease. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing at Taiwan in recent years. These people should receive further colonoscopy to confirm the final diagnosis. Fecal calprotectin was found to be related to bowel inflammation since 1990. Many reports published after that to identify the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and concentration of fecal calprotectin. A meta-analysis on 2009 pooling much clinical data found that high negative predictive value of fecal calprotectin to inflammatory bowel disease. Much prospective clinical data after this research also proved this finding. Furthermore, the negative predictive value to inflammatory bowel disease can extremity extent to almost 100% when combine with traditional alarm sign. The NICE diagnostics guidance 2013 also confirmed this finding. The most latest report showed that fecal calprotectin can also predict the risk of complication in liver cirrhosis patients. The pathogen of acute infectious diarrhea can also predict by fecal calprotectin. However, reflux esopagitis and colon-rectal cancer cannot be detected by fecal calprotectin very well. In conclusion, Fecal calprotectin is a useful clinical tool for screening inflammatory bowel disease and can be used to decide which patient should receive further colonoscopy. (J Intern Med Taiwan 2015; 26: 156-161)