工業革命以來，各國大量燃燒石化能源所排放出來的溫室氣體已造成全球氣候的劇烈變遷，逐漸耗盡的石油蘊藏量也迫使世界各國開始重視能源的開發。太陽光電具備低汙染、易取得、光電模組使用壽命長等優點，近年來已成為歐、美、日等先進國家積極發展的新能源。然而，太陽光電系統的發電成本遠高於傳統火力與核能發電，因此，各國政府相繼提出優惠電價、配額／認證、設備補助／稅額抵減等永續能源政策，導引太陽能光電產業的發展。相關的優惠政策不斷推升市場的需求，也吸引許多異質廠商進入此產業，造成太陽能光電產業的供給與需求要素不斷地改變。目前影響各國太陽能光電產業發展的關鍵因素主要包括政府的補貼政策、系統建置成本、各國的行政程序效率與金融體系的運作等。這些因素促使相關業者積極發展因應的創新營運模式，並帶動整體太陽能光電產業朝向低成本區域進行生產製造、與下游系統端發展多元化營運模式、發展區域性系統開發商的自有品牌、由垂直整合朝向專業分工營運模式、進行策略合作與

Since the Industrial Revolution, many countries have burned fossil fuels, emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases. The resulting changes in the Earth’s climate and steadily-decreasing oil reserves have drawn the attention of countries around the world to the development of alternative energy sources. Photovoltaic solar energy has the advantages of low pollution, easy access, and the long lifetime of solar panels. In recent years, it has been actively developed by many advanced countries, including the United States, Japan, and a number of European countries. However, the cost of generating electricity via photovoltaic energy systems is much higher than that of traditional coal or nuclear power. As a result, various governments have proposed renewable energy policies for things such as feed-in tariffs, tradable energy quotas, renewable energy certificates, equipment grants and tax credits, allowing the photovoltaic industry to grow. Such preferential policies continue to drive up market demand and attract manufacturers to the industry, constantly changing supply and demand within the industry. Important factors currently affecting the photovoltaic industry in different countries include government subsidies, implementation costs, administrative efficiency of governments, and financial systems in each country. These factors have prompted businesses to develop new innovative business models, locating manufacturing operations in low-cost areas, developing diverse downstream manufacturing business models, developing brands for regional system developers, moving toward specialization via vertical integration, carrying out strategic cooperation, and accelerating consolidation.