李卓吾「童心說」求真的精神，在文學批評史上受到較多的重視，一般也是多就對文學、藝術創作的影響論述，在思想史上則未受到太多的關注。李卓吾學涉儒、釋、道三家，著論甚多，他的批判意識、創新思維和獨立判斷，可稱得上是時代的先驅，對晚明契接清代的學風轉變，具有一定程度的催化作用。本文試以「童心說」為基礎，探討李卓吾對「私欲」、「非禮」和「是非無定」等論題的見解，並參照其學思傳承，作為剖析晚明思潮之個人主義傾向轉變的論據。最後，綜合本文論述，歸納出在晚明被視為異端的李卓吾，他的學說思想，一方面仍承續了先秦以來儒家知識分子價值根源在於自我的傳統，另方面則改變了古典個人主義側重道德的傾向，開啟了近代意義下兼重理性與感性的個人主義。

Li Zhuo-wu’s "Childlike Innocence" has attracted much attention in Chinese literary criticism history, rather than in the history of ideas. However, most studies of Li’s "Childlike Innocence" are focusing only on the impact of the work on literature as well as on art. Li had deeply dabbled in the field of Confucian, Buddhism and Taoism and published many well-known papers. He was recognized as the Times-Herald for his critical awareness, innovative thinking and independent judgment. Li’s idea had an important influence on Late Ming Thoughts. Based on "Childlike Innocence" and Li’s other related works, this study analyzes his unique intuition on individual tendencies, indecent behavior, and wrong doing uncertainty. We also try to find the ties between Li’s idea and the transformation of individualism of Late Ming Thoughts. We conclude that, first, although Li Zhuo-wu was regarded as heresy with highly distinctive style, he still inherited the Confucian tradition that the value of life is rooted in self-awareness mind. Second, Li Zhuo-wu had enlightened Near Modern Chinese Individualism with emphasizing on both rationality and sensibility.