葛蘭西與整個西方馬克思主義的關注主題一樣，即將理論重心集中於文化和上層建築，特別是意識形態上，他提出的市民社會、霸權和知識份子等理論以其鮮明的獨創性和切實有效性在西方獲得廣泛讚譽，他的市民社會、霸權、陣地戰及有組織的知識份子等理論範疇和核心概念是對馬克思主義上層建築和社會革命理論的重大發展，他的理論為當代批判理論所青睞，葛蘭西的理論的核心範疇和觀念，奠定了當代文化政治學的基礎，為當代批判理論的文化政治批判和意識形態批評提供了新銳的視角與研究範式。應該說葛蘭西哲學理論和研究範式對當代批判理論的文化轉向起了重要的引領作用，以致形成新葛蘭西學派。

In common with the western Marxism, Gramsci focused on the themes of culture, superstructure and ideology in particular. He has won widely acclaim owing to the originality and effectiveness of his civil society theory, hegemony theory and intellectual theory. These conceptions were significant progress of Marxism theories about superstructure and social revolution. The philosophical theories of Gramsci were favored by contemporary critical theory. These categories and conceptions laid the foundations for contemporary cultural politics and provided new viewpoints and research paradigms for cultural politics and ideological criticism. It is should be said that the philosophical theories of Gramsci played the leading and guiding function in the cultural turning of contemporary critical theory which was called Neo-Gramscian School.