在達爾文《物種起源》發行150週年後，本文嘗試從亞里斯多德與多瑪斯的實在論的形上學進行跨學科對話。從演化論的層面，首先要從後代漸變作為普遍事實與天擇作為解釋原理，探討達爾文與歷史的達爾文主義者之間的異質同構關係。其次，從時代精神與科學方法的關係，檢視生物學的化約論方法與意識形態何以形成，並提出新興的四維度演化論觀點，特別是人的專有的符號的演化。生命議題屬於跨學科範疇，而哲學在此對話有其優先地位。從亞里斯多德的自然的目的因，我要提出三種非生成的生命原理，並指出自然的內在原理與第一的、超越的存有原因不衝突。最後，談多瑪斯的形上學涵義的創造，並指出，存有的現實的形上學對哲學思考演化論議題能起到指標作用。

After the 150th anniversary of the publication of The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin, this paper intends to engage in an interdisciplinary dialogue with the Aristotelian-Thomistic realistic metaphysics. With regard to evolution we will discuss first the isomorphism between Darwin’s Darwinism and the historical Darwinism in the conceptions that descent with modification as general fact and natural selection as explanatory principle. Secondly, in its relationship with the Spirit of times we will examine how the reductionist method and ideology came up in biology and then propose a new idea of evolution in four dimensions, especially the symbolic one peculiar to mankind. The issue of life involves interdisciplinary studies and philosophy has priority in this regard. From Aristotle’s doctrine of the final cause I will propose his idea of the three ungenerated principles of life and indicate that the immanent principles of nature would not inconsistent with the first and transcendental cause of being. Finally we will discuss the metaphysical sense of creation in Thomas Aquinas and point out that his metaphysics of the act of being (actus essendi) offers pointers for a philosophical reflection on evolution