開放式創新為歸納大型企業多年研發 管理實務演進與策略所發展出來的新興創 新理論，其認為企業採用「開放式創新」 的驅動力包括：(1)顧客由單純消費者的角 色轉變為合作生產者；(2)知識擴散朝跨國 界發展；(3)高素質勞動力的流動頻率提 高；(4)創業投資提供研發成果商業化的支 援等。但研究機構與企業有所不同，就性 質上而言，企業為營利機構，採取開放式 創新也是為了追求利潤最大，而研究機構 有非營利組織(non-profit organization)的特 質，所追求的非僅為利潤最大，而是特定 目標的達成。 本研究以工業技術研究院（以下簡稱 工研院）為案例分析，提出研發機構開放 式創新的特性與趨勢，包括：(1)研發機構高階主管的創業家精神；(2)產業導向的研發策略；(3)公共資產的活用與價值創造；(4)智慧財產權的創新策略；(5)促進跨領域合作的制度等。最後綜合提出開放式創新對於國內產業創新的啟發與相關建議，包括：(1)政府因應未來產業發展持續投入公共研發資源；(2)提高技術移轉辦公室(TLO)專業人員的激勵誘因；(3)下放《科技基本法》實施前的國有智慧財產權；(4)建置消費者研究與調查的共同基礎設施等。

The “Open Innovation” model is an emerging innovation theory developed by inducing the R&D management practices and strategies of several big coporates. The model is assumed to be used by four driven forces; the first is the customers changing from the pure consumers to co-designers; the second is the cross-border knowledge diffusion; the third is higher mobility of skilled labors; and the final one is the venture capitalists as the vital supports to R&D commercialization. The prior studies focus on profit organizations, which pursue maximal profit. This study focuses on one of non-profit organizations, the research institute, possessing different organizational goals from profit ones. We use the case of Insdustrial Technology Research Institute, the largest research institute in Taiwan, to propose five characteristics of research institute adopting open innovation models, including entrepreneurishop of top-level managers, industry-oriented R&D strategy, public assest enactment and value creation, innovative intellectual property strategy, and institutions of cross-disciplinary collaboration. Finally, the implications of this study to Taiwan industrial open innovation include continuous investment on public R&D resources, improvement of incentives to motive technology license office (TLO) staffs, unlocking state-owned intellectual property rights produced by Science Technology Basic Law enforcement and establishment of common infrastructure for consumer research.