本文之目的在回顧肥胖與體適能對於孩童認知功能之影響，並嘗試探討體適能在肥胖孩童與認知功能間可能扮演的角色。具體而言，本回顧針對認知功能與測量、肥胖與認知功能、體適能與認知功能，以及體適能、肥胖與認知功能等四個方面進行描述與討論，最後再提出總結。經回顧後發現，肥胖對於認知功能存在負面效應，而高體適能者對認知功能則有較佳的表現，此雙向關係意謂著體適能之效益亦可能展現於肥胖孩童與認知功能間，然有鑑於同時結合體適能、肥胖與認知功能之研究目前仍僅少數，未來仍需後續研究加以探討與佐證。

The paper is aimed to review the effect of obesity and fitness on cognitive function in children, and attempted to explore the potential role of fitness between obese children and cognitive function. Specifically, the review firstly emphasized on introduction and measures of cognitive function, the relationship between obesity and cognitive function, the relationship between fitness and cognitive function, and the relationship among obesity, fitness, and cognitive function, and lastly providing the conclusion. The reviews revealed that there is a negative relationship between obesity and cognitive function and children with higher fitness exhibit better cognitive performance. It seems that the bidirectional associations between fitness and cognitive function are able to extend to fitness effect on obese children and cognitive function. However, given that studies examined obesity, fitness, and cognitive function are still limited, future research is suggested to further investigations