家庭背景、社會流動與地位成就取得一直是教育社會學研究關注的焦點，臺灣學界在這些議題上已經累積不少量化與質性的研究成果。關於不同階級背景出身的孩童，究竟如何受到家庭環境的影響，進而形塑在學校不同的教育成就，這當中牽涉到家庭結構、各類資本、個人特質、社會脈絡等因素複雜交錯的過程，更是許多教育社會學研究所欲探究的重要課題。據此，本研究試圖從教育研究的角度來思考階級、家庭與教育成就之間的關係，首先檢視臺灣學界近20年（1994～2014）來針對家庭背景與教育成就之間關係的重要研究成果，分別從研究對象、研究變項、研究方法、研究發現等層面加以歸納分析，接著針對上述內容與國外相關研究進行比較，進而反省臺灣研究成果的侷限與可能，並嘗試為當前臺灣教育研究提供一些不同的思路。

Family background and its relationships with social movement and achievements has always been a focus of sociology of education in the past 20 years. Many quantitative and qualitative studies had been conducted around this topic in Taiwan. Constantly being an important issue of studies in sociology of education, the processes related to how family socio-economic background of different social classes influences children’s school achievements involves the inter-complexity of family structure, various capitals, personal characteristics, and social structure. Based on this foundation, this study aimed to examine the relationships among social class, family, and educational achievements via a systematic literature review. The review covers the studies examining family background and education achievements in the past 20 years. The study participants, variables, research methodology, and findings are analyzed separately and synthesized collectively. A constructive criticism is provided to offer thoughts in future educational research in Taiwan.