本研究旨在探討金門縣國小學童家庭社會資本、成就動機與學習適應之關係，由於金門縣國小家長職業別之特殊性，因此比較父親職業為軍警公教人員與其他職業別的學童在上述各項表現上的差異。本研究採用分層隨機抽樣方法，依照學校所在地及學校規模大小，抽取金門縣國小四、五、六年級586位學童為研究對象，有效問卷545份，經過平均數差異F考驗、多元迴歸分析等統計方法處理後，獲得以下研究結果：
1.家庭社會資本中的父母教育參與對於學習適應具顯著正向影響，父母期望則否。
2.成就動機中的「工作與自我提升動機」對於學習適應具顯著正向影響，「自我防衛動機」與「逃避動機」則影響不顯著。
3.父親職業為軍警公教人員的學童，學習適應、家庭社會資本、成就動機與其他家長職業別學童雖有顯著差異，但是控制相關變項後，父親職業對於學習適應影響不顯著，父母教育參與、工作與自我提升動機才是主要影響因素。

This study aims to explore the relationships among family social capital, achievement motivation and learning adjustment of elementary students in Kinmen county. The researchers hope to find the differences of the three performances above between students who are from civil-servant family and from general family because of the residents’ particularity in Kinmen county. According to the schools’ location and class scale, the researchers apply the method of stratified-random-sampling to draw out 586 samples in grade four, five, and six students in Kinmen county and finally obtain 545 valid questionnaires. After the statistical methods of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Regression, the results of this study are as follows: (1) In family social capital, parental involvement has a significantly positive effect on learning adjustment but parental expectation doesn’t. (2) In achievement motivation, the motivation of work and self-improvement has a significantly positive effect on learning adjustment but the motivations of self-defense and avoidance don’t. (3) After controlling relevant variables, the main influence factors to learning adjustment are parental involvement and the motivation of work and self-improvement, not father’s occupation, although there are differences on learning adjustment, family social capital, and achievement motivation between students from civil-servant family and from general family.