本研究收集與鑑定臺灣產水玉黴科成員八種，為Pilobolus crystallinus (結晶水玉黴), P. hyalosporus (透孢水玉黴), P. kleinii (克萊茵水玉黴), P. oedipus (腫柄水玉黴), P. roridus (露水玉黴) , P. sphaerosporus (球孢水玉黴), P. umbonatus (乳突水玉黴), 及 Utharomyces epallocaulus (星玉黴)，其中P. hyalosporus, P. oedipus 及P. roridus 為三新 紀錄種，另有一未鑑定種類Pilobolus. sp.。內文並提供臺灣所有已紀錄的水玉黴屬真菌的檢索表。

During a survey of Pilobolaceae in Taiwan, eight Pilobolaceous species were obtained from herbivore and rodent dung. They are Pilobolus crystallinus, P. hyalosporus, P. kleinii, P. oedipus, P. roridus, P. sphaerosporus, P. umbonatus, Utharomyces epallocaulus and an unidentified Pilobolus species. Among them, Pilobolus hyalosporus, P. oedipus and P. roridus are first records to Taiwan. They are described and illustrated in this paper. Identification was based on combined data of morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses. A key to the species of Pilobolaceae of Taiwan is also provided.