人類歷史始終伴隨著戰爭，幾乎從未間斷。隨著科技文明的高度發展，核子時代已 悚然降臨，從二次世界大戰後期，日本的廣島、長崎分別遭受原子彈攻擊，其中廣島在 瞬間就造成約十萬人的死亡或失蹤，戰爭所導致之慘禍已達人類不堪忍受之地步，人類 不能不從「交相攻」之情境中，放缓步調，重新認眞思索戰爭與和平之問題。本此問题 意識，本文乃以「國家之戰爭權與人民之和平生存權」為研究主題，試圖從國家之戰爭 權與人民之和平生存權的探討中，嫠清國際法關於戰爭規制的發展脈動，並為永世和平 之理想，提出合理可行之方向。本文首先從歷史性、宏觀之的視野，探究國家戰爭權之 變動；其次從微觀之視野，由國際法規範中論析戰爭違法化之歷程；接下來續採微觀之 視野，進一步從現行國際法規範中，精細地論析現行國際法所容認之武力行使的類型； 最後為防止戰爭之發生，課予國家保障人民生存於和平之中的義務，再針對國際人權發 展中所謂之第三代人權-「和平生存權」予以闡明，力求縝密建構讓人民免於恐懼、免 於匱乏之自由的理論體系。基於前述研究所得，在结論中嘗試分從國内法及國際法的面 向、區分階段，為永世和平的未來，提出合理可行的建議，以作為本文的結尾。

The mankind history is always accompanied with the war. With science and civilization developed highly, the era of the nuclear weapons was befallen. During later period of the WWII, Hiroshima and Nagasaki were attacked by atom bombs. The massive and instant casualties are so shocking and intolerable that we have to reconsider the issue of war and peace and slow down our pace in the mutually slaughtering scenario. This study attempts to check the development of war planning in international laws by discussing national fighting rights and the people's peace and existence rights. Further, some feasible future directions are suggested for the goal of everlasting peace. Firstly, I discuss the evolution of national fighting rights from the historic, macro-, and microscopic perspectives. The bearable war types under the current international laws are accordingly articulately explored. Thirdly, the obligations for the nation to protect her people are discussed. The Third People's Rights in international human right- Peaceful Existence Rights are studied. In the conclusion, some feasible proposals are suggested.