乳癌為我國婦女癌症發生率之第一位、死亡率第四位，其依據衛生福利部國民健康署，提供45-69 歲婦女兩 年一次乳房攝影篩檢，可早期發現、儘早治療並可降低三成乳癌死亡率。乳房X 光攝影是使用低X 光透視乳房 組織的一種檢查，可用來偵測乳房的鈣化點或微小腫瘤，是目前醫學證實最有效的乳癌篩檢工具。因此其影像品 質及劑量問題即為本文之研究重點。 本文使用平板式游離腔及光激發光劑量計(Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter, OSLD)作為輻射劑量 測量之工具，再由InLightTM MicroStarTM 計讀儀測量。藉由劑量計量測美國放射線醫學會標準假體之入射皮膚曝 露(entrance skin exposure, ESE)後，接著利用轉換因子換算成平均乳腺劑量(mean glandular dose, MGD)以評估輻射 所致之乳房風險。另外在乳房及壓迫板之間增加bolus 降低入射皮膚曝露，研究其降低劑量同時是否影響影像品 質。測量結果在光激發光劑量計和平板式游離腔之測量結果相符合，其平均乳腺劑量結果也符合美國放射線醫學 會(American College of Radiology, ACR)規定之平均乳腺劑量須低於3 mGy。其增加bolus 可有效降低入射皮膚曝 露，但影像品質較不加bolus 差，但差距在影像判別範圍內可忽視。輻射風險評估結果為每十萬人口0.8-1.05，和 2014 年衛生福利部統計女性乳癌死亡率之每十萬人口11.94 相比，劑量測量之風險評估範圍低於此值，因此民眾 可安心的接受乳房X 光攝影檢查。

The incidence and mortality of breast cancer is increasing in Taiwan. Taiwan Bureau of National Health Insurance providing women 45 to 69 years old free breast mammogram every two years. It’s can early detection, early treatment and reduce breast cancer mortality rate thirty percent. Mammography uses X-ray to examine breast tissue, it can be used to detect breast calcifications or small tumor. Mammography is nowadays the proven useful tool for breast cancer detection. Therefore the image quality and dose are the study purpose. The study used flat panel ionization chamber and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) as radiation dose measurement tools. OSLD used InLightTM MicroStarTM reader to read the dose. Used dosimeter to measure ACR phantom entrance skin exposure (ESE), then used mean glandular dose (MGD) to evaluate breast radiation risk. The other between the breast and paddle added bolus to reduce the incidence of skin exposure, and research if reduce the dose will affect image quality. OSLD and flat panel ionization chamber measure results are same, and MGD result also conform ACR provision need below 3 mGy. Increased bolus can effectively reduce ESE and the image quality is worse than not added bolus. But the difference is within the range of image discrimination can be ignored. Compared to the radiation risk assessment 0.8-1.05 per 100,000 population and mortality of breast cancer 11.94 per 100,000 populations, the risk assessment of dose measurement range well below this value, so people can be at ease received mammography.