目前大部分的關鍵性分析方法(criticality analysis，CA)使用風險優先數(risk priority number，RPN)來評估失效風險，然而傳統的RPN方法有四個缺點：⑴測量尺度的問 題；（2)未考慮權重；（3) RPN値範圍違反統計假設；⑷RPN値有許多的重複數。爲克 服上述缺點，我們需要一個有效簡單的運算方法重新評估系統失效風險，因此，爲修正傳統的RPN方法用於評估失效風險的缺點，本研究提出新的失效風險排序技巧，以最 大搞順序加權平均法(maximal entropy ordered weighted averaging，ME-OWA)重新排定關 鍵性分析中失效風險的排序。在案例論證方面，使用智慧型電力模組(intelligent power module，IPM)的例子進一步論證本研究所提之方法。結果證明使用本研究所提之方法可 有效減少RPN値的重複數，並能得到更正確合理的風險評估結果。

This paper proposed a novel technique, based on Maximal Entropy Ordered Weighted Averaging (ME-OWA), for prioritizing failures for corrective actions in a Criticality Analysis (CA). Most current CA methods use the Risk Priority Number (RPN) value to evaluate the risk of failure. However, conventional RPN methodology has been criticized to have four main shortcomings as below: (1) problem of the measurement scale; (2) severity, occurrence, and detection do not consider weighted with respect to one another in terms of risk; (3) the RPN scale itself has some non-intuitive statistical properties; (4) the RPN elements have many duplicate numbers. Therefore, an efficient, simplified algorithm to evaluate the orderings of risk for failure problems is needed. This paper proposed ME-OWA approach for reprioritization of failures in a system CA. The proposed methodology resolves some of the shortcomings of the conventional RPN method. In numerical verification, a CA of the Intelligent Power Module (IPM) is presented to further illustrate the proposed approach. After comparing the result that was obtained from the proposed method with the conventional RPN method, the result shows that the proposed approach can reduce more duplicated RPN numbers and get a more discriminative, reasonable risk assessment. As a result, the stability of product and process can be assured.