中國大陸自1998年改革開放，本論文探討其中的國營企業民營化，分析其中的民營化技術、方式、資金流動、操作的自主性、商業性，以及市場性並探討其效能。本論文採用的研究方法是比較法，與印度對比。本論文發現中國大陸的國營企業民營化大有進展，先從國營企業小型者開始，然後才大型者。政府儘量不介入國營企業，而未民營化之國營企業則先從內部結構改造起，逐漸移除內部績效障礙，並逐漸加上社會責任。可是社會責任的進展，以及利用國內外資本市場未如預期，進行得比較慢。

The paper discusses public enterprise reforms in China within the broad ambit of economic reforms therein. An attempt has been made to study privatization and non-privatization reforms, techniques and modalities of privatization, marketisation process of public enterprise in respect of mobilization of funds, operational and commercial autonomy and the post-privatization efficiency. The issue of equity and growth in relation to privatization and the labour related issues pertaining to privatization have also been studied besides discussing the comparative aspects of public enterprise reforms in India and China to conclude, public enterprise reform in China has made a great headway. Small enterprises are being privatized first. Marketisation of public enterprises is catching up. The Government is minimizing its interface with public enterprises. Non-privatized public enterprises are undergoing restructuring. However, public enterprise reform has fit the air pocket in terms of slow removal of entry barriers, continuation of the burden of social responsibility on public enterprises, lack of adequate progress on establishing sound corporate governance system and integration of public enterprises with domestic and international capital markets.