政府補助科技計畫在各國的創新研發中一直扮演著重要的角色，各國也寄望藉由執行政 府補助科技計畫所產生之成果，來促進國內的科技產業發展，強化創新競爭力，提升經濟發 展、加強生態保護、增進人民生活福祉，甚至能夠以創新技術或知識為基礎，培育科技人 才、扶植新興產業，或藉由核心技術的掌握，引領新科技的標準。故政府補助科技計畫的目 的，是希望透過鼓勵科技研發機構或相關產業投入研發，並將其產生之成果及因而取得之智 慧財產權得以擴散至產業應用，整體促進產業之發展。 其次，隨著數位環境發展與網路環境基礎設施的日益完善，知識擴散已不侷限於一國或 特定地區，網路技術使得國界消失，知識傳遞更為快速、便利且成本降低，因此因應如何運 用網路環境，將研究成果以便捷、高效與節省費用的方式傳遞知識，成為重視科技創新研發 國家的首要任務。而在現有的著作權體系下，如何發揮研究報告之知識擴散，並使其確實得 到運用，實為當前值得關注的課題。 為此，本文將以比較法方式，觀察在科技研發補助常有創新作法及近來因應數位經濟而 調整相關法制之國家，例如美國、歐盟、英國、澳洲等等國家或地區，就其近幾年如何透過 開放近用(open access)及搭配現行著作權例外之規定，使其研究報告得以擴散運用之機制進行 觀察與介紹，並作為未來進一步研究我國研發成果運用法制調修參考。

Government funded science and technology research programs are aimed at improving the creativity and the science and technology development of the research institutes and industries by diffusing the R & D results derived from the research programs. Second, with the increasingly sophisticated digital network and the internet infrastructure, the diffusion of knowledge is not limited to one country or a specific region, and the internet makes borders disappear, the transfer of the knowledge rapider and more convenient and the costs of transfer of the knowledge lower; due to the sophistication of the internet infrastructure, how to legally use the internet to diffuse the R&D results derived from the government funded R&D programs becomes the top priority to many developed countries which focus on science and technology R&D. Therefore, in this article I will introduce the new trends of the open access systems and fair use in the developed countries or areas which have amended or will amend their copyright laws and introduce the open access systems in their government funded R&D programs, such as the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, and Australia, and how the systems applied to the diffusion of the research papers or publications derived from the government funded R&D programs. Finally, I will analyze the open access system and the fair use and their practices in Taiwan, and discuss whether the experiences of the developed countries above can applied in Taiwan.