林務局於2002年開始推行「社區林業─居民參與保育共生計畫」，主要目的是鼓勵居民參與森林經營，以凝聚地方共識，並與社區民眾及組織形成伙伴關係，協力推動生物多樣性保育、永續森林生態旅遊及相關林業建設，以改善社區整體環境，提昇生活品質，創造林業經營與社區發展雙贏，進而達成森林生態系永續經營。羅東林區管理處自2002年起至2003年止，推動社區林業計畫以來已有26個社區團體參與，通過的申請案件共計39件。本研究即針對上述已申請社區26個及國有林週邊林地附近未申請社區11個進行比較探討，透過質性研究方法包括文獻分析、深度訪談及實地觀察等，瞭解民眾參與社區林業計畫之動機、歷程、成效及困難，並分析國有林週邊林地社區沒有參與社區林業計畫的原因。此外，本研究亦透過問卷調查方式，瞭解當地居民對社區林業計畫的看法、參與情況及未來期望。研究結果顯示，社區幹部獲得社區林業計畫的內容與操作流程訊息，主要是來自於林務局人員的告知，社區參與社區林業計畫的最主要動機，是為了進行生態保育，並藉此發展生態旅遊，而參與的最大困難是人才不足與派系問題，在舉辦活動類型方面，主要以教育訓練及資源調查為主。

In 2002, the Community Forestry Project (CFP) was conducted by Taiwan Forestry Bureau (TFB). The purpose of this new project was to encourage public participation in forest management in order to integrate local residents’ consensuses, enter into partnerships with communities, fulfill biodiversity conservation, increase forest eco-tourism, and sustain forestry development. This project was expected to improve communities’ environment, promote residents’ life quality, create mutually beneficial results between forest management and community development, and attain sustainable management of forest ecosystem. There were 26 communities involved in this project in the Luotung Forest District during 2002-2003, and 39 application plans were passed. We selected these 26 involved communities and 11 other non-involved communities in this project as our study samples. Through qualitative methods including literature review, field investigation, and in-depth interview, we tried to understand the fundamental motives, processes, benefits, and challenges for local residents participating in the CFP. We also attempted to find the reasons why some communities close to national forests didn’t take part in this project. In addition, we conducted questionnaire survey to understand residents’ opinion, participation, and expectation about the CFP. Results showed that, most devoted members of community development associations had been informed by TFB officials about the contents and procedures of the CFP. The main motives for communities participating in the CFP were to implement ecological conservation and to develop eco-tourism in the future. The most serious difficulties for community participating in the CFP were talent deficiency and local factions. Moreover, the most popular types of activities held by communities were education training and resource investigation.