儒家的學問重視人倫實踐。孝悌思想，乃人倫實踐核心觀念。然自民初以降， 當代新儒學針對孝道問題的討論卻不多。本文擬藉由熊十力與徐復觀對孝治問題 的爭論，思考在人倫的關係結構改變的社會情境當中，孝道的意義該當如何闡 釋。首先，就熊十力批評「孝治派」的部份，指出其反對將孝道與政治意義相結 合。並且藉由批判孝治派的「小康禮教」，逼顯其理想中的孔子「大道之學」，以 為開創未來新格局的基礎。其次，就徐復觀與熊十力主張的異同處，指出兩人皆 肯定孝道而反對孝治，然而對孔、孟如何看待孝道以及家庭制度的重要性，則有 不同的看法。本文最後提出，當代的儒學當更積極參與社會。在社會中，以公民 倫理為重點；家庭中，則以孝弟倫理為優先。共同營造一個讓人倫孝弟得以順遂 表現，讓人性可以適當生長的社會環境。

Confucian emphasis on human relations Filial piety, brotherhood is the core of human relations practices. Early Republican era began, but rarely related discussions. By Xiong Shi-li and Xu Fu-guan's dispute concerning Governing by filial piety, this article will consider how to re-look at the meaning of filial piety in modern society. First, this paper points out Xiong Shi-li opposed to "filial piety" binding " Governing by filial piety" and mentioned Xiong emphasized "Confucius Datong knowledge." Secondly, to explore Xiong Shi-li and Xu Fu-guan both similarities and differences. Finally, the article emphasizes Confucianism must be more actively involved in the establishment of civil society. I believe that we must create a make "human nature" can grow a normal social environment.