本文從「科學微世界J及「生活世界J中兩種知識的對比指出： 科學哲學是科學發展的根基。在西方國家，各門不同科學的發展和科 學哲學之間，有一種互爲體用的關係：各門科學的發展成爲科學哲學-反思的材料；科學哲學的發展，又可以回過頭來，指引科學的發展。 然而，在非西方國家，科學研究和科學哲學的關係卻斷裂爲二，許多 研究者對西方的科學哲學通常只有「字典式的理解J，或「望文生義式 的理解J，造成科學研究的長期低度發展。本文並以胡適爲例，説明： 有些學術社群的領導者將科學方法口號化，雖然有助於科學概念的快 速傳播，但卻很可能扭曲學者對於「科學」的認知。因此，我們必須 努力絮助下一代的知識份子，認清西方科學哲學發展的理路，讓他們 在未來的學術生涯裡，能夠從事創發性的研究工作。

By comparing two types of knowledge in the scientific microworld and lifeworld, this article indicates that the philosophy of science is indeed the foundation of scientific developments. In Western countries, there is an interdependent relationship between the development of various sciences and the philosophy of science: the development of sciences might provide materials for reflection on the philosophy of science; while the progress of the philosophy of science might inspire further developments of various sciences. Nevertheless, the relationship between these two sectors is often broken down in non-Western countries. Most researchers have only superficial or a literal understanding about western philosophy of science, and their inability to comprehend ethos of Western science may result in the long-term underdevelopment of scientific research. Taking Hu Shih9s attempts of using a slogan to promote the understanding of scientific methods as an example, this article argues that a slogan might be helpful for the dissemination of scientific ideas, but it might also lead to the distortion of a researcher’s understanding about the philosophy of science. Therefore, it is necessary to educate our intellectuals of the next generation so as to understand the ethos of the Wesfs philosophy of science in order to enable them to use it as implicit knowledge for creative research work in their future academic career.