篇名 | 論臺閩語「微量」構式〔無啥物X〕──等級模式和語法化 |
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卷期 | 46:2 |
並列篇名 | On ‘Paucal’ Construction [無啥物X] in Taiwanese Southeern Min: The Scalar Modal and Grammaticalization |
作者 | 蘇建唐 |
頁次 | 359-404 |
關鍵字 | 啥物 、 〔無啥物X〕 、 微量 、 等級模式 、 語法化 、 啥物 ‘what’ 、 [無啥物X] ‘very few, barely’ 、 paucal 、 scalar modal 、 grammaticalization 、 THCI |
出刊日期 | 201606 |
DOI | 10.6503/THJCS.2016.46(2).05 |
臺閩語構式 (construction)〔無啥物X〕可表「微量」概念,指「某具象或抽象事物 的實際量 (X) 較預設值微小」,如〔無啥物人〕(不太多人),但是過去並未獲得注 意。X 的可能成分包含名詞、形容詞、情態/感知/行為動詞與「咧+行為動詞」等六 種。除須具備〔+等級化〕外,形容詞另須具備〔+正極性〕,這部分可援引「等級模 式」(scalar model) 獲得詮釋。另者「啥物」作狀語雖限於否定語境,但修飾對象已擴及 其他動詞性成分。可見並非臨時性用法,應屬IITSC (Invited Inferencing Theory of Semantic Changes) 的第二階段「話語類型意義」(utterance-type meaning) (Traugott 1999),本文稱做「類副詞」(semi-adverb)。文中也由「語法化」(grammaticalization) 討 論「啥物」如何由「名詞性」疑問代詞,轉為「類副詞」範疇的過程,這部分過往也未 見討論。
This paper aims to investigate the ‘paucal’ construction [無啥物X] ‘very few, barely’ in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM). The elements that can occur in this construction include nouns, adjectives, modal verbs, psychological verbs, active verbs, and ‘咧 + active verb.’ According to the ‘scalar model,’ all of these elements should possess the feature [+scalar] to specify the idea ‘scalar.’ Adjectives, in particular, should make [+positive] prominent as well.
啥物 ‘what’ can be treated as a ‘semi-adverb’ when it modifies the following verbal elements. The grammaticalization of 啥物 ‘what’ from a interrogative pronoun to a semi-adverb, which has not heretofore been discussed, is another focus of this paper.