吳耀宗是基督教三自運動的發起人。早於中共建國前，他已強烈不滿基督教神學的保守表現，並在思想上日益認同共產主義。如何處理基督教與共產主義的關係，成為其神學思想發展的重要課題。本文以神學再思為主題，探討吳氏在一九四九年至一九五四年間對革新基督教神學的思考。他認為，基督教神學必須革新，才能還原耶穌基督原有的革命精神。但在推動三自運動時，其神學主張不僅成為屬靈派反三自的旗幟，也和中共在建國後的基督教政策呈現張力。最後，作為三自組織的領導人，吳耀宗為促成基督教的團結，不得不擱置其神學革新的宏圖。

Y. T. Wu (Wu Yaozong, 1893–1979) is the so-designated key
figure of the Christian Three-self Patriotic Movement (TSPM). Before
the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Wu’s discontent
with the current conservative Christian theology led him to way of
radical identification with communism. Alongside this intellectual
struggle and exploration, the relationship between Christianity and
communism became the major theme of his theological concern. This
paper aims to investigate the theological re-orientation of Wu between
1949 and 1954. For example, in order to restore the revolutionary
spirit of Jesus Christ, Wu believed that current Christian theology
should undergo a complete and thorough reform. However, Wu’s
proposal for theological reform aroused strong protests among the
conservative and fundamentalist wings of the Christian church. His
understanding of the relations of Christianity with communism
also contradicted with the policy of the Communist party of China
towards Protestant Christianity. To archive the Party-state’s agenda
of Christian unity under the TSPM, Wu reluctantly suspended his
blueprint of theological reform.