民眾就醫的公平性是評量健保優劣的首要因素，在台灣實施健保十餘年來已被評為世界第二的水準，但我們長期存在著醫療資源分配不均的問題，仍有些偏遠地區的居民不容易得到完善的醫療照顧。研究方法與對象：此研究為橫斷面研究，以同一時間調查對象之齲齒發生率及學童家庭基本資料、學童口腔照護習慣為探討題目。對象為平地口腔醫療資源 不足區，至調查之日尚未有牙醫介入照護的高雄縣內門鄉內門國小，95學年度全校1-6年級學生，共計275位。研究方法為檢查其口腔狀況及實施問卷調查，回收的有效問卷有263份(95.64%)。結果：母親是否為外籍及父親的職業也會影響學童 的恆牙齲齒狀況。研究中發現，弱勢學童的父母親有較低的教育程度，父親職業為農、工者較多，而這些學童有齲齒卻沒有填補的人數比例比一般學童高，有很低的 平均填補顆數，這些結果都有呈現統計上的顯著差異。結論：此口腔醫療資源缺地區學童齲齒盛行率及齲齒指數高於其他參考文獻調查結果，但是齲齒填補率卻低於其他參考文獻調查結果，特別是弱勢學童有較低的填補顆數及填補率。學童的齲齒情形與醫療資源的供給息息相關，所以為了縮小醫療上的城鄉差距，提供牙醫巡迴醫療照護對彌補就醫的不公平是刻不容緩的事。

Background: The fairness of the public seeking medical advice is the first factor toevaluate the quality of health insurance. Taiwan has brought health insurance into force for more than ten years now, it got the second best standard in the world; however, Taiwan has the problem of unbalanced distribution of medical resources over a long period of time, there are still some residents who live in remote districts cannot get the faultless medical care easily.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional research, targeting pupils in Nei-Meng Primary School, Nei-Meng Village, Kaohsiung County, a school without dental care provider in its neighborhood. The study approaches utilize oral examinations and accompany questionnaires. Investigations were conducted on all 275 school children that were enrolled in 2006, and 263 valid questionnaires were retrieved and evaluated.

Results: Nationality of mother or profession of father affects the caries existence in the permanent teeth in these school children. This study finds out that, the parents of “disadvantaged primary school children” have lower levels of education, most of their fathers’ occupations are farmers and workers; and the proportion of these school children having dental caries but without filling is higher that general school children, they have very low average number of filled teeth. These results have all shown the significant difference statistically.

Conclusion: The school children live in areas deficient in dental causing had high caries index and high caries prevalence than other reports, but the filling rate was the lowest than them. Especially the minority school children had the lower number of filled teeth and the lowest filling rate. For narrowing the margin of the city and country on medical treatment, provide the dentist with the care of the circuit medical treatment is an urgent matter.