Background: Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammatory biomarker, has not been evaluated in patients who have advanced CKD with peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), especially in Taiwan. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 148 advanced CKD (creatinine clearance rate  30 mL/min/1.73 m2) identified from a prospective registry in our hospital (303 PTA cases in total). Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test was used to study event-free survival, and all univariables (p value < 0.1) were put into multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: During the mean follow-up time of 8.6  7.8 months, 35.1% of the cases achieved primary composite endpoint (all-cause mortality or major amputation), 25.5% underwent death from any cause, and 14.9% underwent major or minor amputation. Rutherford grade 6, either NLR or NLR  3.76, and a history of hypertension had a positively prognostic impact on the occurrence of primary composite endpoint, whereas higher albumin level ( 3.0mg/dL) and technical success had a significantly protective effect. History of hypertension, either NLR or NLR  3.76, and age were associated with all-cause mortality. In addition, Rutherford 6, higher albumin level ( 3.0 mg/dL), technical success, NLR, and age could predict the occurrence of major amputation. Conclusions: NLR, but not C-reactive protein or platelet-lymphocyte ratio, is an important prognostic predictor of allmajor clinical outcomes in patients with advanced CKD and PAD receiving PTA. Further studies are warranted to establish a better strategy and healthcare program in this clinical setting.