伊斯蘭為啟示宗教，先知是革命家，而他所建立的「信仰者社群」（Ummah al-Mu’minīn）即是一種信仰與社會的改革。先知穆罕默德宣揚獨一神信仰，建立穆斯林Ummah之體制，乃後代穆斯林追隨的典範。由於伊斯蘭的傳播擴張融入了不同於阿拉伯的傳統，導致出現「正本清源」的復興改革運動。本論文試圖從先知穆罕默德的改革、中世紀宗教學者的理論，以及現代伊斯蘭運動家之理念等面向，以闡釋伊斯蘭復興改革之本質，進而理解當代伊斯蘭運動的本質與內涵。

Islam is a religion of revelation, and its prophecy reflects the nature of revolution. The establishment of Islamic Ummah by Prophet Muhammad has been regarded as a social revolution, and his Ummah is taken as a model for later Muslim revival and reform movements. Through the preaching of Islam into non-Arab lands, syncretic rituals and doctrines were adopted, thus purification movements in Islam took place in the course of history. This essay attempts to discuss the nature and ideology of Iṣlāḥ-Tajdīd (reformcum- revival) by examining Prophet Muhammad’s reform, theories of medieval theologians, and the concepts of modern Islamic reformers, in order to shed light on the nature and significance of contemporary Islamic movements.