本文對王船山如何詮釋《論語．事父母章》做一解說，以《讀論語大全說》為主要文獻依據。《讀論語大全說》與《論語訓義》有別，後者以發揚朱子精神為主，而《讀論語大全說》則是在歸宗張子的氣論後，船山重新以氣論的方式來詮釋《四書》，並對朱子之學有所修正。船山對朱子《論語集註》中此章的詮釋並未明顯批評，而是在閱及《四書大全》中朱子此章詮釋，以及朱子後學真西山的詮釋後，才引發不滿而展開議論。船山認為「幾諫」應做「見微而諫」，而朱子則有「驀地」之說，即父母之所為，有些是突然而生，因此難以「見微而諫」。船山亦反對西山的見解；朱子引《禮記》「與其得罪鄉黨州閭」，西山則以得罪者不僅於此，增補了「天子」與「諸侯」，而船山則認為天子、諸侯應另有禮制上的不同設計，於是展開論辯。最後，本文將對上述之是非得失，試圖做一反省。

This article is to explain Wang Chuan-Shan’s interpretation of “Serving His Parents,” The Analects, based on the text of The Complete Explanations of the Study of the Analects. Distinguished from The Explanations on the Analects, which focuses on promoting Zhu Xi’s spirit, The Complete Explanations of the Study of the Analects is Wang’s re-interpretation of The Four Books from the perspective of the theory of Qi, which is a return to Zhang Zai’s doctrine and revision of Zhu Xi’s theories. Wang did not really criticize Zhu’s interpretation about the chapter of “Serving His Parents;” however, after reading The Encyclopedia of the Four Books by Zhu Zi and the interpretation made by Zhen Xi-shan, a scholar of Zhu’s school, Wang did make some harsh comments. To Wanag Chuan-shan, “ji-jian” means remonstrating with your parents even when their mistakes are small, while Zhu Xi believed that it is’ hard to remonstrate on the parents’ mistakes this way, since their mistakes are sometimes unexpected. As Zhu quoted from The Book of Rites and claimed that one should remonstrate with their parents rather than letting them offend the local people and administrators, Zhen added that, without remonstration, they would also offend the king and princes. However, Wang believed that there should be another system for dealing with the king and princes and made his argument. Here, we will make a reflection on the merits and failures of their opinions.