本研究旨在探討我國國民小學校長採用西方新興領導中的分布式領導、東方的家長式領導、教師組織公民行為與學校效能之現況，分析不同背景變項之相關，並瞭解以教師組織公民行為為中介之四者因果關係。問卷調查以我國公立國民小學校長及教師為研究母群，分層隨機抽取200所學校，1500位教師為研究樣本，以國小校長「分布式領導」、「家長式領導」、「教師組織公民行為」以及「學校效能」等問卷為研究工具實施調查；問卷回收1380份，有效問卷1353份，回收可用率為90.4%。資料處理以描述性統計、積差相關與結構方程式等統計方法進行資料分析。
研究結果包括：
(一)國民小學教師對國小校長關於分布式領導、家長式領導、教師組織公民行為與學校效能看法達中上程度
(二)中西兩種領導具有中高度相關程度、教師組織公民行為與學校效能間呈現中低相關
(三)中西兩種領導與學校效能具有因果關係，教師組織公民行為是中介變項
(四)分布式領導有助於學校效能提升，家長式領導因威權式領導，反而會使學校效能下降
研究建議包括：
(一)在校長遴選、培育與評鑑中，強調分布式領導與家長式領導的內涵
二)校長善用分布式領導知能並培養仁慈與德行的特質，在適當時機多與成員溝通，並適當的授權，避免威權式的領導風格
(三)鼓勵教師多嘗試不同職務之擔任，提升對學校組織之認同感
(四)為因應現代社會新興領導方式，未來研究可將「威權領導」層面轉換成「威信領導」

This study is aimed to explore the relationships among principals’ distributed leadership, paternal leadership, teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and school effectiveness for elementary school in Taiwan. The approach adopted questionnaires and using stratified random sampling to investigate 1500 samples that include principals and teachers from 200 schools. Collecting data were analyzed by the statistical methods of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, canonical correlation, and SEM.
The conclusions are as follows:
1. The view of primary school teachers on school principals about distributed leadership, paternalistic leadership, organizational citizenship behavior and school effectiveness of school arrives middle high degree.
2. There is a high degree of correlation between Chinese and Western leaders, and the correlation between teacher organizational citizenship behavior and school effectiveness is middle low.
3. Teacher organizational citizenship behavior is an intermediary variable between the two leadership and school effectiveness.
4. Distributed leadership can improve school effectiveness, on the contrary , because of authoritarian leadership , parental leadership will make the school performance decline.
The suggestions are as follows:
1. During the process of principals’ cultivation and evaluation, emphasized that the distributional leadership and paternalistic leadership connotation
2. Principal makes good use of the distributed leadership knowledge and raises benevolent and moral characteristic, more communicates with the members at right time, the suitable delegation to others, and avoid authoritarian leadership style.
3. Encourages teachers to try a different position to enhance the identity of school organizations.
4. In response to the innovative leadership of modern society, future research may convert dimension “authoritarian leadership” into a “prestige leadership”.