本研究利用TIMSS 2003、2007與2011資料，分析臺灣八年級學生數學成就 的城鎮都市間和鄉村都市間之差異。透過再中心化影響函數迴歸分析，發現城鎮 都市間之成就差異從2007至2011年有顯著的擴大，此擴大是因都市學生成就提高 所致。在2011年，都市低家庭教育資源後段學生成就進步，成就分布左側長尾縮 短；都市高家庭教育資源中前段學生成就進步，成就分布向右拉長。在2011年， 城鎮和鄉村學生平均落後都市學生0.45和0.57個標準差，約有一半是家庭教育資 源城鄉差距所造成的。以TIMSS中級國際基準點作為基礎成就線，在2011年，落 後人數比在都市、城鎮和鄉村分別是5%、13%和16%。家庭教育資源不足之學 生，其落後人數比的城鄉差距較為嚴重。落後學生落後基礎成就線的幅度則無城 鄉差異。

This study explored Taiwanese eighth graders’ mathematics achievement differences between town and urban areas and between rural and urban areas based on the data of TIMSS 2003 to 2011. Using recentered influence function regressions, the study has found that there were significant widening differences between the achievement of town students’ and that of urban students from 2007 to 2011 due to the improvement of urban students’ achievement. In 2011, the achievement of low ranking urban students with low home-education-resources have improved and the left tail of their distribution was shortened; the achievement of middle and high ranking urban students with high home-education-resources have improved and their distribution was stretched to the right. In 2011, comparing with urban students, town and rural students fall behind academically for 0.45 and 0.57 standard deviation on average, half of which was caused by the town-urban and rural-urban differences of homeeducation- resources. Using the intermediate international benchmark of TIMSS as the basic achievement line, in 2011, the lagging student ratios of urban, town, and rural were 5%, 13%, and 16%. For the students with insufficient home-education-resources, the town-urban and rural-urban differences in the lagging student ratio were worse. For urban, town, and rural area, the lagging students’ achievement gaps from the basic achievement line had no significant differences.