文章詳目資料

藝術學

  • 加入收藏
  • 下載文章
篇名 漢式造像的復興- 明嘉靖二十八年(1549)何天寵家族造石刻佛坐像考
卷期 31
並列篇名 Stone Buddha Sculpture Sitting on Stand Carved by the He Tianchong Family from Year 28 of Ming Jiajing Rule (1549)
作者 陳怡安
頁次 273-324
關鍵字 明代石刻佛像真定府當陽佛臨濟宗楞嚴經Ming dynasty stone Buddha sculpturesZhending FuDangyang BuddhaLinji SchoolŚūraṅgamaSūtra
出刊日期 201605

中文摘要

〈明嘉靖二十八年(1549)何天寵家族造石刻佛坐像〉是一尊流至臺灣的石造單體造像,保存大體完好,蓮座右面雕有銘記共一百一十六字。由銘記可知該像由居住在真定府藁城縣北周卦村的軍戶何氏家族三代人與僧人圓端,重修觀音堂時造立的一佛像、二弟子(阿難、迦葉)、二伽藍護法五尊像之一,餘四尊不知去向。〈何氏家族造像〉作降魔成道姿,依循著漢傳佛教的傳統,頂上有橫橢圓形髻珠、面容飽滿圓潤、五官精巧、身著雙領垂肩的漢式袈裟,著重整體的圓整感。儘管少部分受到藏式造像的影響,但與明代初期宮廷以藏式造像為主的風格不同,是一尊明代中期自地方上興起的漢式造像復興之作。由明代現存的碑銘及真定地區的相關文史資料可推知僧人圓端為臨濟正宗第廿七代門人。該銘記以「當陽佛」稱該像,傳統佛典並無「當陽佛」名,是一中國創發的佛尊名,表示「坐北朝南」的位置,特別在戲曲中,該佛名被視作「佛」的別稱之一。明代中晚期,華北地區出現的民間秘密宗教─黃天道的寶卷賦予該佛名獨特的性格,顯露該佛名具有三教調合的民間性格。

英文摘要

“Stone Buddha sculpture sitting on stand carved by the He Tianchong family from Year 28 of Ming Jiajing Rule (1549)” is a statue carved from a single piece of rock which found its way to Taiwan over the years. Overall, the statue remains in good condition and almost all of its features remain intact. A total of one hundred and sixteen words can be seen engraved into the right side of the rosette shaped lotus which the statue sits upon. These engravings indicate that this statue was made during the Northern Zhou period by the third generation of the Ho military family residing at Zhending Fu in the village of Gua in Gaocheng County and a monk named Yuan Duan. The statue was made as part of renovations of a Guanyin Temple and the whereabouts of two other statues made by the disciples Anan and Jiaye remain a mystery. One of the two missing statues is of the Qielan God’s fifth guardian, and the other is of the Qielan God’s fourth guardian. This statue created by the Ho family sits in a demon warding lotus position, and rows of oval beads adorn the head in accordance with the tradition of Chinese Buddhism. The face of the statue is full and round and the facial features are delicate. The body is wrapped in a dual-collar Han style Kasaya robe, emphasizing the overall roundness of the statue. Although traces of Tibetan influence are evident, the style of the statue differs greatly from the Tibetan-centric style statues found within city limits in early Ming. This statue is a revived Han style mid-Ming dynasty creation originating locally away from the palace and city limits. From other existing Ming dynasty engravings as well as historical records of the area surrounding Zhending Fu, it can be inferred that the monk Yuan Duan was a 27th generation disciple of the Linji School. Engravings on the statute title it “Dang Yang Buddha”, a name not found in traditional Buddhist scriptures, and is a name created instead by Chinese Buddhism with the meaning of “sitting facing a north and south axis”.In theatre, the name of this statue has been used to refer directly to “Buddha”. During the mid to late-Ming era, a secret folk religion known as Huangtiandao or Way of the Yellow Heaven appeared in the North China region, and its scripture attributes a unique persona to this name of Buddha, making this statue one where the characteristics of three different religions and folk influences are all apparent.

相關文獻