真空是指將一封閉空間的氣體分子抽掉留下極少的剩餘氣體。在科學研究上與工業應用方面，真空科技扮演極為重要的角色。因為真空應用極為廣泛，其中真空光學鍍膜亦即光學干涉鍍膜為光電科技發展的關鍵科技，因此本文對於光學干涉鍍膜在科學上的演進與工程的開發，包括理論、設計、製鍍技術與鍍膜材料的開發等依序一一陳述，對於一些先進的技術，包括新穎材料與量子點的應用也有所討論。

Vacuum means gas molecules are removed from a sealed space and leaving residual gases behind. There are many scientifi c and industrial applications based on vacuum technology. In this article we focused on the vacuum coatings for optical applications, named as optical interference coatings. Optical interference coatings play as an important role in the progress of optics and photonics. A brief review of the evolution of optical interference coatings from the theory, the design to the manufacture and applications was described. Some novel techniques including metamaterial and quantum dots doping have also been discussed.