研究影響學術研究計畫通過率的因素，不只有助於了解國家學術研究資源分配，更重要的是如何透過通過率的設定，有效鼓勵研究者持續投入與提升研究品質。不同過去對於計畫與個人的因素探討，本研究從體制的觀點，提出經費治理因素與領域因素，蒐集包括美國、德國、奧地利與臺灣等國內外主要補助機構補助學術研究計畫情形，瞭解影響通過率的體制因素為何。研究結果顯示在經費治理因素方面，學術研究計畫通過率受到學術研究經費、補助機構的治理架構與補助機構的定位影響；在領域因素方面，受到領域發展規模、經費門檻與經費來源影響。本研究認為各國家在制定學術補助政策過程，在不同的學術研究經費治理架構與學術領域研究發展的體制下，應有差異化通過率政策，並建議研究補助機構若需要降低通過率加強學術研究競爭力，也應分散經費來源與擴大一般核心研究經費投資。

Studies on factors influencing the approval rate of academic research project would be beneficial to understand whether there is an optimal approval rate could stimulate academic research. This study summarized two institutional factors from the perspectives on the governance of funding and discipline. Through an international comparison of the US, Germany, Austria, and Taiwan, the results indicate that under the perspective on the governance of funding, the approval rate could be decided by the governance of academic research funding and the agencies as well as the position of funding agencies. Under the disciplinary perspective, the approval rate could be affected by the size of disciplinary fund, number of researchers, and sources of funding. This paper concludes that policymakers could differentiate funding arrangements depend on the various institutional setting. Policy implications are suggested.