注意力缺失/過動疾患（Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder，簡稱 ADHD)與伴隨品行問題（conduct problems，簡稱CP)之ADHD兒童的外顯 行為相似，皆會出現攻擊、違抗等反社會行為，因此鑑別診斷經常面臨相當 大的困難。是故，本研究之目的即為探究ADHD及ADHD/CP共發兒童於反社 會型態中的區辨性特徵，以期提供臨床實務另一鑑別診斷之參考。回顧ADHD 與ADHD/CP共發的反社會行為之相關文獻後，本研究採「攻擊」、「道德感」 及「對動物殘忍」三特質作為ADHD與ADHD/CP共發兒童的區辨特徵。 本研究於北部地區招募25位ADHD-only組國小兒童（平均年齡8.82歲）， 22位ADHD+CP組國小兒童（平均年齡8.88歲），採用投射測驗「Tell-Me-A-Story」評估受試者之攻擊與道德感特質，及「兒童與動物量表（Childrenand Animals Inventory)」瞭解受試者對動物殘忍行為之訊息。 研究結果顯示，ADHD-only組與ADHD+CP組兩組兒童之攻擊特質、道德 感、對動物殘忍行為皆達顯著差異，證實此三項特質可作為伴隨與未伴隨CP 之ADHD兒童的重要區辨特徵；此結果亦隱含在攻擊兒童群體中，ADHD+CP 兒童之心理病理發展可能為一獨立、特殊之建構。未來研究建議增加受試人 數和組別，並進一步探究反社會型態之核心區辨特徵。

The observed behaviors in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and ADHD with conduct problems (CP) are rather similar. Both of them present antisocial behaviors such as aggression and disobedience. Therefore ifs difficult to make discriminate diagnoses among children with aggressive behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of antisocial patterns between ADHD children with/without CP. After reviewing related researches, three traits had been selected in this study: aggression, morality and cruelty to animals. The subjects were recruited from hospitals and special education system of elementary schools in metropolitan Taipei area. Twenty-five children (mean age = 8.82) were included in ADHD-only group and twenty-two children (mean age = 8.88) were included in ADHD+CP group. All the subjects were given a projective test s