隨著我國逐漸進入高齡化社會以及現代生活型態改變，糖尿病和骨質疏鬆症患者日益增 多。相當多的研究在探討糖尿病和骨質疏鬆症兩者之間的關係，根據研究指出糖尿病患者有 相對較高的骨折風險，其中的病理生理機制部分了解，但仍無確切的定論。目前評估骨折風 險的工具在糖尿病患者身上相對容易低估。仍有眾多因子會增加並且影響糖尿病患的骨折風 險。「糖化終產物- 糖化終產物受器- 氧化壓力軸」近年來被提出會降低骨骼密度進而增加糖 尿病患者的骨骼脆度。其他像是糖尿病的併發症：視網膜病變、神經病變、以及血管病變也 都與骨折風險相關。近年研究證實，有些降血糖藥物亦可能會影響骨骼代謝、增加骨折的風 險。糖尿病患者在治療骨質疏鬆症的策略與非糖尿病患者應當相同。

As the number of older adults in the population rises and lifestyle changes, the prevalence of diabetes and osteoporosis is expected to increase. Substantial studies have investigated the relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis. There is growing evidence indicate the diabetes mellitus is associated with greater fracture risk, and the pathophysiology of diabetic bone disease is partially understood. Currently, standard diagnostic tools for fracture prediction tend to underestimate the fracture risk of patients with diabetes. Contributing factors to increased fracture risk in diabetes is complicated and multifactorial. The “AGEs-RAGE-oxidative stress system” is one of pathophysiological role in decreased BMD and increased bone fragility in diabetes. Complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and vascular complications are also related to the risk of fracture. Several studies have described that antidiabetic drugs are indispensable for glycemic control, and they also modulate the bone metabolism and fracture risk. Strategies to prevent and treatment osteoporosis in patients with diabetes are the same as for those without diabetes.