近年來，政府自然保育單位雖採取各種策略對民衆進行教育宣導，但常因不能眞正了 解民衆的自然保育問題，而導致事倍功半，且因民衆對自然保育的迷思，而使得生物多樣 性流失、自然環境遭受破壞等問題層出不窮，本研究針對中部地區國小學童家長進行分層 隨機抽樣問卷調查，以了解民衆經常迷思的自然保育認知、態度與行爲，並提出有效的改 進方法，共寄出1000份問卷，回收有效問卷871份，有效回收率87.1%，Cronbach a爲 0.885，研究結果如下： (一）中部地區國小學童家長對經常迷思的自然保育認知表現稍低於「了解」程度， 態度表現近於「積極」，行爲的頻率稍低於「從不這樣做」，其中以教育程度越高的受訪者 在各方面皆優於其他。（二）五個自然保育面向中，「外來種」面向各方面表現最好，「放 生」面向的知識最充足，「野生動植物」面向的知識最缺乏，「自然保育觀念」面向之態度 表現最不積極、行爲表現最差。（三）受訪者認爲應優先再教育的自然保育想法與行爲， 最主要爲「私自攜帶未經檢疫的動植物進出國內外」，其次爲「任意將家中的寵物棄養」； 導致迷思的自然保育想法及行爲之原因，最主要是「民衆的自然保育相關知識不足」，其 次爲「利益的驅使」；改善迷思的自然保育想法與行爲最有效的方法爲「加強宣導」，其 次爲「嚴禁未經檢疫動植物進出口」。

Recently, the authorities concerned natural conservation adapt various strategies and means to undertake propagation of natural conservation, but not really understand the issues to lead wasted effort.Because the public misconceptualized natural conservation, it caused biological diversity loss and natural environment being destroyed. This study drafted to explore natural conservation cognitions, attitudes and behaviors of frequently misconceptualized by the elders of the homes of the primary school students, sought for appropriate problem-solving ways.The questionnaire was undertaken in the light of the elders of the homes of the primary school students. The objectives were stratifiedly and randomly sampled out. Total of 1000 copies were sent out with 871 copies of effective retrieval (87.1%); and the entire Cronbach a was 0.885.The results were shown as follows : ⑴Cognitions of natural conservation of frequently misconceptualized by the elders of the homes of the primary school students in central Taiwan were slightly lower than understanding ’ level, attitudes of that were closer to active ’ and behavioral frequency were slightly lower than ‘ never do it ’ .The interviewees with higher education were better than those of others.⑵Among the five groups of natural conservative concepts, the performance of ‘ alien species ’ was the best, the knowledge of ‘ release captured animal ’ was sufficient as well as short of the knowledge of ‘ wild animal and plant ’ ,the attitude of ‘ natural conservation concept ’ was not aggressive and the behavior of that was the worst.(3)The first priority in re-education and behavior for natural conservation thought by interviewees should be improved as follows. The most important one was ‘ privately bring in/out of non-quarantine animal/plant? ,and the next one was arbitrarily discard pets ’,The main cause agreed by both experts and the public led to misconceptual thinking and behavior of natural conservation were：‘insufficient knowledge ’ and ‘chasing for profits’ . The most effective way was to correct the misconceptual thinkings and behaviors of natural conservation was ‘to enhance propagation ’and‘ to strictly forbid non-quarantine animal/plant in and out’.