A quantum key transmission model based on an entanglement switch and teleportation is proposed. When the user needs to share a quantum key, the original quantum key does not need to go through quantum relay nodes. However, it goes through the user for the establishment of the quantum entanglement channel and uses quantum teleportation to determine the quantum key. Using this model of quantum key relay transmission, the proposed model can effectively guarantee the security of the quantum relay node and the quantum information transmission channel. Research shows that, the quantum information transmission performance of this model increases along with an increase in the probability of success of the original quantum entanglement. The original quantum key also has high efficiency.