孫貴妃薨逝，引發服喪爭議，明太祖敕製《孝慈錄》，變革傳統服制。本文首先討論制訂時之爭議，包括太子、諸皇子為孫貴妃服齊衰杖期，及太祖命周王朱橚認貴妃為慈母之合理性。因周王生母身份難有定論，故本文推論三種可能性，並逐一分析，得知無論生母為何人，太祖對此事的安排都不合理。此外，太祖在〈孝慈錄序〉中昭示改制理論，本文逐段剖析，並考察所舉史證，認為改制理論失之片面。其次討論太祖執意變革的主要原因，分為「個人遭際」、「發揚禮順人情之精神」、「對儒學、儒者的功利性取捨」三項。復次，論述《孝慈錄》服敘與《儀禮•喪服》之差異。其後，略論改制對明、清禮法之影響。最後分析學者對改制的意見，認同者多受到時代、身份因素影響；反對者主要批評太祖任情改制，以及改制造成服敘紊亂；對於太祖贊成「服內生子」的意見，駁斥者甚多。明、清二代服制雖深受此書影響，但學者多不予認同。

The death of the Imperial Concubine Sun aroused a huge controversy over the mourning system in the Ming dynasty. Emperor Hong-Wu gave an order to draw up the Records of Filial Piety and Parental Benevolence and change the traditional mourning system. He expounded his principles for altering traditional mourning system in the preface of the Records. The article discusses the dispute about how the crown prince and other princes mourn for the Imperial Concubine Sun and whether the order that asked Zhu Xiu, the Prince of Zhou, to regard Sun as his loving mother was reasonable. The result shows that the way Hong-Wu Emperor handled this matter was not proper whoever Zhu Xiu’s real birth mother was. This article analyzes the Records paragraph by paragraph, inspects all his historical testimonies, and concludes that his principles are not comprehensive. It then demonstrates the three reasons why Hong-Wu Emperor insisted on reforming the mourning system: his own experiences, the spirit of etiquette based on human feelings, and the decision on Confucianism and Confucians based on utility. What follow are a comparison of the mourning systems of the Records and the Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial and an argument about the influences of the Records on the etiquettes and laws in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The final part analyzes the arguments among scholars of Chinese etiquette. The advocates of Hong-Wu Emperor’s reform of the mourning system are the ones who had been influenced by their times or statuses. However, the opponents criticized Hong-Wu Emperor’s arbitrariness and the disorder caused by the reform and many of them censured Hong-Wu Emperor’s approval of intercourse in mourning. The Records deeply influenced the mourning systems of the Ming and the Qing dynasties but most of scholars of Chinese etiquette disagreed with it.