緒論：過氧化體增殖劑活化受器 (PPAR) 受運動訓練的活化可提升脂肪代謝下游基 因之表現，而台灣山苦瓜具有活化多項PPARs 亞群之能力，而其所提升的脂肪代謝指標 皆與運動訓練產生之脂肪代謝效果相似。本研究期望藉由山苦瓜攝食和運動訓練的交互 影響，探討其對脂肪代謝的效果是否有加成效果。方法：將47 隻SD 大鼠依山苦瓜劑量 高低和有無運動訓練分成六組：一、控制組 (C, n = 9)：一般餵食。二、低劑量組 (LBM, n = 8)：5% 山苦瓜萃物。三、高劑量組 (HBM, n = 8)：8% 山苦瓜萃物。四、訓練組 (E, n = 9)：耐力運動訓練。五、訓練與低劑量組 (ELBM, n = 7)：耐力運動訓練加上5% 山 苦瓜萃物。六、訓練與高劑量組 (EHBM, n = 6)：耐力運動訓練加上8% 山苦瓜萃物。六 週後進行衰竭運動測試， 取其股四頭肌實施半定量反轉錄- 聚合酶鏈鎖反應 (semi-quantitative RT-PCR) 分析脂肪酸代謝相關基因之表現。統計以二因子變異數分析 以及杜凱氏事後比較，顯著水準為p < .05。結果：山苦瓜攝食顯著提升脂肪酸氧化作用 UCP3 和PDK4 以及PPAR δ 的表現量，但對脂肪儲存基因SCD1 和吸收基因CD36 等的 表現則無影響，運動介入對脂肪代謝相關基因的影響較不一致。結論：山苦瓜攝食顯著 增加骨骼肌脂肪酸氧化基因表現，但運動介入並無顯著影響。

Introduction: Recent study has confirmed that high-activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) by exercise training can enhance downstream gene expression and the utilizing of fatty acids (FA). It has been demonstrated that Taiwan bitter melon (BM) possesses ability to activate different types of PPARs, and enhance FA metabolism similar to exercise training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BM supplementation and exercise training on gene expression involved in fat metabolism and endurance performance. Methods: Forty-seven 8 wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups: 1. Control (C, n = 9); 2. Low BM feeding (LBM, n = 8):5% BM extract supplementation; 3. High BM feeding (HBM, n = 8): 8% BM extract supplementation; 4. Exercise training (E, n = 9); 5. Low BM feeding and exercise (ELBM, n = 7): 5%BM extract supplementation with exercise; 6. High BM feeding and exercise (EHBM, n = 6): 8% BM extract supplementation with exercise. A progressive exercise training protocol was adopted in speed (up to 28 m / min) and duration (up to 50 min) for 6 weeks. Rats were sacrificed after exhaustive exercise at the end of experiment. The semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect FA-related downstream gene expression of the quadriceps muscles. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used to analyze the differences among groups. The significant level was set at p < .05. Results: BM supplementation significantly raised the expression of UCP3 (uncoupling protein 3), PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4) and PPARδ gene. The expressions of SCD1 (steroyl-CoA-desaturase) and CD36 (FA transporter) showed no significant differences among the groups. The effects of exercise training on expression of genes related to FA metabolism were inconsistent. Conclusions: BM, but not exercise training, may increase expression of FA oxidation genes in skeletal muscle.