本文透過對儒學核心的「仁」概念的探討，試圖探問「仁」觀念中的演繹性內涵、歸納與演繹兩思維在儒學中扮演的角色，以及為何仁學能以演繹方式主導此學派，並影響此一區域文明深遠。此外，亦透過內聖與外王案例分析為什麼儒家的演繹者總是以內聖主導的道德概念（例如仁學）為其演繹的源頭，此看法與今日吾人要求各種理論（包含儒學）皆需符合「實用」性的古今不同；以及孔子、孔子後學、歷代詮釋者中誰才是真正吾人思維中之演繹者。最後，由於當代重視科學與經驗法則的要求，較重視歸納法的各項應用，故本文亦反思儒家的演繹者應如何回應歸納法於當代受重視之現象，以及此問題意識以儒家語言系統又是如何探討的。

Through exploring the concept of “benevolence” (ren), this article is meant to inquire the deductive content in the concept of “benevolence,” the roles played by the deductive and the inductive thoughts in Confucianism along with why the doctrine of benevolence can dominate Confucianism and make profound impact on the civilizations in the region. Moreover, informed by the examples of being “inside the saint and outside the king,” the writer analyzes why the deduction about Confucianism always begins with the concepts oriented to the “inside sage,” such as the concept of “benevolence,” while such a view differs from the contemporary demands on any theories for praticality. Furthermore, we would discuss, among Confucius, Confucians and all the deduction makers in history, who is the true deduction maker in the writer’s eyes. Finally, due to the contemporary emphases on scientific and empiric laws along with the applications of deductive laws, here we would contemplate on how the deduction makers of Confucianism should respond to the contemporary emphases on induction and how Confucian language approaches this problem consciousness.